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| (Last Update: 2015-05-28) |
| Overview |
Tapped Density Tester, also named Tapped Density Analyzer or Tapped Density Meter .
AS-100 Tapped Density Tester is
a density measurement equipment used to measure the tapped density of
powders, as well as granulated or flaked materials by standardized and
repeatable procedures. AimSizer offers simple-design tap density tester
and tap density testers integrated with printer such as one-station
tapped density tester and two-station tapped density tester. AS-100 tap
density testers meet all international standards on cost-effective
basis.
Applications in pharmaceutical (Compressibility Index/Carr's Index and Hausner Ratio)
- USP Chapter 616 Bulk Density & Tapped Density of Powders TAPPED DENSITY
Method I & II
- European Pharmacopoeia EP Chapter 2.9.15 Apparent Volume
Applicaitons in metal powders in powder metallurgy (P/M)
- ISO 3953:1993 Metallic Powders-Determination of Tap Density
- ASTM B 527 Standard Test Method for Determination of Tap Density of Metallic Powders and Compounds
Applications in pigments and extenders
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ISO 787 General methods of test for pigments and extenders - Part 11
Determination of tamped volume and apparent density after tamping |
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In addition, AS-100 Tapped Density Tester meets international standards such as
- ASTM D 4164 Standard Test Method for Mechanically Tapped Packing Density of Formed Catalyst and Catalyst Carriers
- ASTM
D 4781 Standard Test Method for Mechanically Tapped Packing Density of
Fine Catalyst Particles and Catalyst Carrier Particles
- ISO 8460 Instant coffee -- Determination of free-flow and compacted bulk densities
- ISO 8967 Dried milk and dried milk products -- Determination of bulk density
- ISO 9161 Uranium dioxide powder -- Determination of apparent density and tap density
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| • AS-100 Tap Density Tester Specifications |
| • AS-100 Tap Density Tester Working Principle |
| • AS-100 Tap Density Tester Features |
| • AS-100 Tap Density Tester Applications |
| • What Is Tap Density? |
| • What Is Bulk Density Divided Into? |
| • What Does TAP Mean In a Tap Density Tester? |
| • How to Measure Tapped Density? |
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| More Pictures |
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| Demo Video
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| Tapped Density Tester |
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| How to use An AS-100 Tap Density Tester |
| Press
timer right arrow to adjust the time to be used. Press the up arrow to
decide. The maximum time to set is 99min 59sec. In case everything is
OK, press the square button to start tapping. In practice, it is
possible to determine the minimum tap number N when powder volume does
not change anymore. For powders of the same kind, except for special tap
number obtained during experiments (not less than N), tap them for 2N
times. For metal powders in different size tapping 3000 times can
achieve satisfactory results.Vibration frequency adjustment. User can
turn the knob to select the appropriate frequency. The maximum is 300
rpm. Usually it is 100-300rpm. |
| The
amplitude of simple design is 3 mm, and frequency 300 tap/min. The
tapping number is determined by time multiplying 300/min. The time is
set by the timer.We usually set 10 minutes. The maximum working time is
99 minutes 59 seconds. When timer starts to work, the tap density starts
to work as well. Please set the timer as follows:press Right Arrow
once,panel starts flashing, press Up Arrow to set desired data. Hold
until the panel stops flashing, press Square to start working. The tap
density tester stops when the time runs out. User can also stop the
operation any time by swiching off the machine. |
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| Reason:
VOL “ 0 ”;Solution:
Reset VOL |
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| Reason:
WT “ 0 ”;Solution:
Reset WT |
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| Reason:
WT or VOL “ 0 ”;Solution:
Reset WT and VOL |
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| Reason:
Out of printing paper;Solution:
Install new printing paper |
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| Reason:
Thermo paper installed in wrong direction or bad paper quality
;Solution:
Check the paper or replace |
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| Reason1:Forget to turn on speed adjuster. Solution1:
Turn on speed adjuster.Reason2:Set low speed;Solution2:
Turn the knob clockwise.Reason3:
Tap finishes or TAP NUM “0”;Solution3:
T
Reset tap number. |
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| Reason:Linear bearing lack lubricant;Solution:
Add some lubricant |
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| Reason1:Forget to turn on AS-100 Tap Density Tester;Solution1:
Turn on unit. Reason2:fuse was burnt out.Solution2:
Use new fuse |
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| After calculating and display, press the "PRINT" when green indicator light is on. |
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| After above step, press "CAL", the computer completed density calculation based on ρ = m / v, and display the results. |
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| If
the powder surface is level, read it directly. If not, read both max
and min and use averaged results. Keep an estimated value. Press the
"VOL" and input volume number. |
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Press
the "TAP NUM", enter tap number. Press the "START" until the set number
is completed, and instrument stops automatically. In practice, it is
possible to determine the minimum tap number N when powder volume does
not change anymore. For powders of the same kind, except for special tap
number obtained during experiments (not less than N), tap them for 2N
times. For metal powders in different size tapping 3000 times can
achieve satisfactory results.Vibration frequency adjustment. User can
turn the knob to select the appropriate frequency. The maximum is 300
rpm. Usually it is 100-300rpm.
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| Add all sample into the cylinder, keep powder surface level. Place cylinder assembly into the vibration platform. |
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| Weigh an appropriate amount of the sample. Turn on AS-100, press “ WT ” , input numbers, and Max 5 digits. |
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| Typically,
the powder is testable in its actual state. In some cases, user has to
dry powder. If the powder is easily oxidized, dry it in a vacuum or
inert gas. If the powder contains a volatile substance, do not dry. If
it is not possible to be dried, test it in its actual state. |
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| Use
tube brush to clean the inside of cylinder, or flush it with solvent
such as acetone. If you use a solvent, it should be thoroughly dried
before test. |
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| AS-100
uses thermal paper width 57.5 ± 0.5mm. Printing paper is installed when
export. The green LED becomes flashing when the paper runs out. Turn
off the unit, and then press the round button to open paper cabinet,
remove the paper tube and load the new paper. Make the thermal side
facing up. Close the door, and pull the paper end out from the slot.
Turn on the unit, the green light stop flashing. Press the green LED
(green LED also works as a key), a section of printing paper moves
forward. When the unit is turned off, press the green button, at the
same time turn on the unit then leave the green LED, it prints
self-check slip. |
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The
maximum amplitude is 15mm and the default is 3mm (made up of 1 pc 1mm
and 1 pc 2mm tapping washer). More tapping washer are available (1mm,
2mm or 5mm).
Amplitude = Total height of tapping washer |
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tap-density-tester-tapping-height-control
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-Place Polyurethane washer from the upper side of the cylinder.
-Place screw cap from the upper side of cylinder.
-Place silica jel pad on bottom of the cylinder,
-Screw down the cap slowly until get fixed.
-Place the tapping apparatus into the hole in the guide bearing.
Note: The cylinder is fragile, please handle carefully. |
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tap-density-tester-tapping-assembly
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| Save "TAP NUM," "WT",
"VOL", "No." Operator needn't input again when he test again if he does
not change anything. Re-test samples, such as some of the data has not
changed, the need to re-enter the data. "No." is automatically increased
by 1 after each calculation. |
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| Print test report |
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| Calculate on data obtained |
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Restore the system to boot state, all data is restored to the status before pressing OK
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| Remove the last bit of data just entered. |
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| Stop tapping before
obtaining a result. Test report only shows the actual tap numbers. In
the absence of re-setting "TAP NUM", press "START" button, the system
continues the remaining tap. |
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| Start test |
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| Test result |
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| Tap number of the test |
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| Volume of the powder |
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| Weight of the powder |
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| Reference number of the test |
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| Frequently Asked Questions
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| • What are the features of accoustic cabinet for AS-100 tap density tester? |
| • In what units tapped density report? |
| • Measures of Compressibilty Index/Hausner Ratio |
| • How to determine the apparent volume by a Tap Density Tester? |
| • How is the bulk density of a powder determined? |
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| Why
how the determination is made is essential accroding to USP 616 Bulk
Density and Tapped Density of Powders using a tap density tester? |
| -The bulk density of a powder is often very
difficult to measure with good reproducibility and ,in reporting the
results,it is essential to specify how the determination was made. |
| What affect the bulk density accroding to USP 616 Bulk Density and Tapped Density of Powders using a tap density tester? |
| -The bulking properties of a powder are dependent
upon the preparation,treatment,and storage of the sample,i.e.how it was
handled.The slightest disturbance of the powder bed may result in a
changed bulk density. |
| How to express the bulk density according to international standard USP 616 Bulk Density and Tapped Density of Powders? |
| -The bulk density is expressed in grams per mL
although the international unit is kilograms per cubic meter because the
measurements are made using cylinders.It may also be expressed in grams
per cubic centimeter. |
| What the bulk density depends on according to USP 616 Bulk Density and Tapped Density of Powders? |
| -The bulk density depends on both the density of powder particles and the spatial arrangement of particles in the powder bed. |
| What is the definiton of a bulk density according to USP 616 Bulk Density and Tapped Density of Powders? |
| -The bulk density of a powder is the ratio of the
mass of an untapped powder sample and its volume including the
contribution of the interparticulate void volume. |
| What
are relation between USP 616 Bulk Density and Tapped Density of Powders
and European Pharmacopoeia and Japanese Pharmacopoeia? |
| -USP 616 Bulk Density and Tapped Density of
Powders has been harmonized with the corresponding texts of the European
Pharmacopoeia and /or the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. The portion that is
not harmonized is marked with symbols to specifiy this face. |
| What is test method 2 of international standard USP 616 Bulk Density and Tapped Density of Powders using a tap density tester? |
| -The method 2 is approximately same as method 1,
operator proceeds as directed under Method I except that the mechanical
tester provides a fixed drop of 3+-0.2 at a norminal rate of 250 taps
per minute. |
| How
to do if it is not possible to use a 100 g test sample during tap
density testing using a tap density tester according to USP 616 Bulk
Density and Tapped Density of Powders? |
| -Generally,replicate determination are desireable
for the determination of this property. Specify the drop height with
the results.If it is not possible to use a 100 g test sample, use a
reduced amount and a suitable 100ml graduated cylinder (readable to 1ml)
weighing 130+-16g and mounted on a holder weighing 240+-12g. The
modified test conditions are specified in the expression of the results. |
| What is the test procedure in USP 616 Bullk Density and Tapped Density of Powders method 1 using a tap density tester? |
| -Proceed as described in USP 616 for the
determination of the bulk volume.Secure the cylinder in the holder.
Carry out 10,500, and 1250 taps on the same powder sample and read the
corresponding volumes V10,V500 and V1250 to the nearest graduated unit.
If the difference between V500 and V1250 is less than or equal to
2ml,V1250 is the tapped volume.If the difference between V500 and V1250
exceeds 2ml,repeat in increments such as 1250 taps,until the difference
between succeeding measurements is less than or equal to 2ml.Fewer taps
may be appropriate for some powders, when validated. Calculate the
tapped density using the relevant formula in USP 616 to calculate the
final tapped volume and therefore calculate the final tapped density. |
| What are major apparatus in usp chapter method 1 Bulk Density and Tapped Density of Powders using a tap density tester? |
| -The major apparatus consists of the
following:1.a 250ml graduated cylinder (readable to 2ml with a mass of
220+-44g 2.a settling apparatus capable of production, in 1 min, either
nominally 250+- 15 taps from a height of 3+-0.2mm, or nominally 300+-15
taps from a height of 14+-2mm.The support for the graduated
cylinder,with its holder, has a mass of 450 +- 10g. |
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| (Last Update: May 28,2015) |
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